CHM138 Basic Chemistry UITM Assignment Answer Malaysia

CHM138 Basic Chemistry is a foundational course offered by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UITM), Malaysia. The course aims to provide students with a solid understanding of the fundamental principles of physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry. It covers a wide range of topics essential to building a strong foundation in chemistry.

Acids and bases play a significant role in chemical reactions, and this course explores their properties and reactions. Students will gain knowledge about the behavior of acids and bases and learn how to balance chemical equations involving these substances.

Atomic structure, an essential concept in chemistry, is extensively covered in the course. Students will delve into the composition of atoms, electron configurations, and the periodic table. This understanding of atomic structure forms the basis for further exploration of chemical bonding and the formation of compounds.

Redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons between species, are studied in detail. Students will learn how to balance redox equations and understand the underlying principles of oxidation and reduction.

Lastly, the CHM138 course provides an introduction to organic chemistry, focusing on the fundamental concepts and structures of organic compounds. Students will explore the properties of hydrocarbons, functional groups, and basic organic reactions.

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Assignment Brief 1: Explain the concepts, laws, theories and calculations related in basic chemistry

In basic chemistry, several fundamental concepts, laws, theories, and calculations form the foundation of the discipline. Here, I will provide an overview of some key elements:

• Atoms and Elements: Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is composed of a specific type of atom, characterized by its atomic number (number of protons) and atomic mass. The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic properties.
• Molecules and Compounds: Molecules are formed when atoms chemically combine. Compounds are molecules consisting of different elements in fixed ratios. Chemical formulas represent the types and numbers of atoms in a compound.
• States of Matter: Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause substances to transition between these states.
• Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances. Reactants are the starting materials, while products are the resulting substances. Chemical equations represent these reactions.
• Stoichiometry: Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions. It involves determining the ratios of reactants and products, as well as performing calculations based on these ratios.
• Conservation Laws: Conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Conservation of energy states that energy is conserved during chemical reactions.
• Atomic Structure: The atomic structure involves the arrangement of subatomic particles within an atom. It includes the nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and electron shells.
• Periodic Trends: Periodic trends refer to the patterns observed in the properties of elements across the periodic table. These trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and reactivity.
• Bonding: Bonding involves the interactions between atoms to form molecules or compounds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
• Acids and Bases: Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-). pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.
  These concepts, laws, theories, and calculations provide a framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of matter at a basic level in chemistry.

Assignment Brief 2: Apply the knowledge on terms and concepts of basic chemistry

In this assignment, you are required to apply your knowledge of terms and concepts in basic chemistry to practical situations or problems. Here are some examples:

• Identify the elements and their chemical symbols present in the compound H2O.
• Balance the following chemical equation: _H2 + _O2 -> _H2O.
• Calculate the molar mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
• Classify the following substances as elements, compounds, or mixtures: air, gold, water, salt, and sugar.
• Explain the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction and provide an example of each.
• Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in H2SO4.
• Convert 25 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) to moles.
• Calculate the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-5 M.
• Describe the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond.
• Predict the product(s) of the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

By applying your knowledge of basic chemistry terms and concepts to these examples, you will demonstrate your understanding and ability to analyze various chemical situations.

Assignment Brief 3: Display the scientific and technical skills in laboratory practices related to basic chemistry

In this assignment, you will showcase your scientific and technical skills in laboratory practices related to basic chemistry. Here are some tasks you could undertake:

• Conduct an experiment to determine the pH of different household substances using pH paper or a pH meter.
• Perform a titration to determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a given solution.
• Set up and carry out a distillation to separate a mixture of liquids based on their boiling points.
• Use spectrophotometry to measure the absorbance of a substance at different wavelengths and construct an absorption spectrum.
• Identify unknown substances by conducting various qualitative tests, such as flame tests or solubility tests.
• Perform a gravimetric analysis to determine the concentration of a specific element in a sample.
• Use a calorimeter to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction and calculate the enthalpy change.
• Safely handle and measure volumes of hazardous chemicals, following proper laboratory protocols and safety guidelines.
• Use a microscope to observe and identify different types of cells or microorganisms.
• Analyze data collected from laboratory experiments, interpret the results, and draw conclusions based on the observations.

These laboratory practices require a combination of scientific knowledge, technical skills, attention to detail, and adherence to safety procedures. By successfully completing these tasks, you will demonstrate your competence in basic chemistry laboratory practices.

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