BMS652 Plant And Animal Biotechnology UITM Assignment Sample Malaysia

This course module provides an introduction to the applications of biotechnology in the Agriculture sector. Students will explore the potential benefits of biotechnology, including environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions to various agricultural challenges. While no technical expertise is required, students will learn about the use of genetically manipulated plants and animals, as well as their practical applications. Topics covered include the use of biological control agents as alternatives to pesticides, biofertilizers, molecular markers, and the social and ethical implications of GMO/biotechnology.

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Assignment Task 1 : Illustrate the concern of pros and cons with regard to GMO and principles and applications of biological control agents and bio-fertilizers in agriculture. 

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Agriculture:

Pros:

• Increased Crop Yields: GMOs are engineered to have improved resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, resulting in higher crop yields.
• Reduced Need for Pesticides: Certain GMO crops produce their pesticides, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and potentially decreasing their environmental impact.
• Enhanced Nutrition: GMOs can be designed to have improved nutritional content, addressing nutrient deficiencies in certain populations.
• Drought and Salinity Tolerance: Some GMO crops are engineered to withstand water scarcity and soil salinity, allowing cultivation in previously unsuitable areas.
• Longer Shelf Life: GMOs can have improved post-harvest characteristics, reducing food waste during storage and transportation.

Cons:

• Environmental Concerns: GMOs may crossbreed with wild relatives, potentially introducing modified genes into the ecosystem and impacting biodiversity.
• Unintended Consequences: Genetic modifications could have unforeseen effects on organisms, leading to ecological disruptions.
• Resistance Development: Pests may evolve resistance to GMOs, rendering the modified traits ineffective over time.
• Lack of Long-Term Data: Some critics argue that the long-term effects of GMO consumption on human health are not yet fully understood.
• Monoculture Risk: Widespread adoption of a few GMO varieties can lead to monoculture practices, increasing vulnerability to crop diseases and other challenges.

Biological Control Agents and Bio-fertilizers in Agriculture:

Principles:

• Biological Control: Utilizing natural enemies like predators, parasites, and pathogens to control pests and maintain ecological balance.
• Bio-fertilizers: Using beneficial microorganisms that fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or produce plant growth-promoting substances to enhance soil fertility and plant health.
• Sustainable and Environment-Friendly: Biological control agents and bio-fertilizers offer eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution.
• Integration with Other Practices: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines biological control agents, cultural practices, and judicious use of pesticides for effective and sustainable pest management.

Applications:

• Insect Pest Control: Releasing natural predators or parasites to control pest populations, like ladybugs for aphids or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for specific caterpillar pests.

• Disease Management: Applying biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma or Bacillus spp. to suppress plant diseases caused by pathogens.

• Nitrogen Fixation: Inoculating legume crops with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium) to enhance nitrogen availability in the soil.

• Phosphorus Solubilization: Using phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus) to improve phosphorus uptake by plants.

• Plant Growth Promotion: Applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance root development and nutrient absorption.

Assignment Task 2 : Demonstrate social communication skills in a group task to examine the current practices in plant propagations and animal breeding methods in Malaysia.

For this assignment task, the group will examine current practices in plant propagation and animal breeding methods in Malaysia. The group should:

• Research and Gather Information: Collect data on various plant propagation techniques used in Malaysia, such as seed propagation, vegetative propagation (cuttings, grafting, budding), and tissue culture. Additionally, investigate the breeding methods employed in livestock and aquaculture, including selective breeding, artificial insemination, and genetic technologies.
• Identify Advantages and Challenges: Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of different propagation and breeding methods. Discuss how these practices impact agricultural productivity, genetic diversity, and the quality of produce and livestock in Malaysia.
• Evaluate Sustainability and Ethical Considerations: Evaluate the sustainability of current practices and consider ethical aspects related to animal welfare, environmental impacts, and the preservation of traditional crop varieties and livestock breeds.
• Present Findings: Prepare a group presentation highlighting the findings from the research. Each member should actively contribute and demonstrate social communication skills, such as active listening, respectful discourse, and effective information sharing.

Assignment Task 3 : Perform laboratory experiments on tissue cultures and biological controls.

For this assignment task, the students will perform laboratory experiments related to tissue cultures and biological controls. The experiments could include:

Tissue Culture Experiment:

• Propagating plant tissues using sterile techniques to produce multiple clones from a single parent plant.
• Studying the effects of different growth media and hormonal treatments on tissue culture success and shoot regeneration.
• Observing the development of roots and shoots in tissue-cultured plantlets.

Biological Control Experiment:

• Setting up an experiment to test the efficacy of a biological control agent (e.g., beneficial insects, nematodes, or microbial agents) against a pest species in a controlled environment.
• Monitoring and recording the pest population’s response to the introduction of the biological control agent over time.
• Analyzing the data to determine the effectiveness of the biological control method in managing the pest population.

During the experiments, students should follow proper laboratory protocols, record their observations and measurements accurately, and draw conclusions based on their findings. Safety measures and ethical considerations related to the use of experimental organisms should also be emphasized and adhered to throughout the process.

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