BDY422 Pengurusan Sumber Biodiversiti UITM Assignment Answer In Malaysia

The course “BDY422 Biodiversity Resource Management at UITM” focuses on the importance of biodiversity in sustainable planning and management. Students will learn about the different components of biodiversity, conduct local biota inventories using standard methods, understand the various threats to biodiversity, develop strategies to manage these threats, and employ biodiversity assessment techniques. The course emphasizes the integration of biodiversity conservation into sustainable natural resource management programs.

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Assignment Activity 1 : Describe the major components of biodiversity at different spatial scale and the standard techniques used to conduct inventories of local biota as including sampling techniques and methodologies.

• Genetic Diversity: This refers to the variation in genes within a species. It is crucial for the adaptation and survival of populations in changing environments.
• Species Diversity: This component relates to the variety of different species present in a particular area or ecosystem. It includes both the number of species (species richness) and the relative abundance of each species (species evenness).
• Ecosystem Diversity: Ecosystem diversity encompasses the range of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes within a region. It includes the diversity of ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and coral reefs.

To conduct inventories of local biota and assess biodiversity, various sampling techniques and methodologies are employed. These techniques include:

• Random Sampling: This involves randomly selecting sample sites within the study area to collect data on species diversity. It provides unbiased representation of the overall biodiversity.
• Transect Sampling: Transects are linear paths or lines across an ecosystem. Observations or sampling is conducted along these transects to assess the distribution and abundance of species.
• Quadrat Sampling: Quadrats are small defined areas used to sample vegetation or other stationary organisms. By systematically placing quadrats and recording species within them, scientists can estimate the biodiversity of an area.
• Point-Count Sampling: This technique is commonly used for assessing bird populations. Observers stand at predetermined points and record all bird species seen or heard within a specified time period.
• Capture-Mark-Recapture: This method involves capturing, marking, and releasing a sample of organisms. By recapturing individuals later, scientists can estimate population size and other parameters.

Assignment Activity 2 : Recognize the complex processes threatening biodiversity in any particular ecosystem or region

Biodiversity in any ecosystem or region can be threatened by various complex processes, including:

• Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture lead to the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats, resulting in the loss of biodiversity.
• Climate Change: Global warming and climate change can alter ecosystems and disrupt the distribution and abundance of species. It can lead to shifts in species’ ranges, changes in phenology, and increased extinction risk.
• Pollution: Pollution from industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and waste disposal can negatively impact biodiversity by contaminating habitats, water bodies, and the air. It can lead to the decline of species and ecosystem degradation.
• Invasive Species: Introduction of non-native species into an ecosystem can outcompete or prey upon native species, leading to their decline or extinction. Invasive species can disrupt ecosystem functioning and alter native species interactions.
• Overexploitation: Unsustainable harvesting of resources, such as overfishing or illegal wildlife trade, can deplete populations and disrupt ecological balance. It can lead to the extinction of species and disrupt ecosystems.

Assignment Activity 3 : Apply a range of biodiversity assessment techniques including the use of computers to organise, analyse and graphically present information gathered for research or case study analysis

To assess biodiversity, computer-based techniques can be utilized to organize, analyze, and present gathered information. These techniques include:

• Database Management: Computers can be used to create and manage biodiversity databases that store information on species occurrences, distribution, and abundance. These databases facilitate efficient data organization and retrieval.
• Statistical Analysis: Computer programs enable the application of statistical techniques to analyze biodiversity data. This includes calculating species richness, diversity indices, and conducting multivariate analysis to identify patterns and relationships.
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS): GIS software allows the integration of biodiversity data with spatial information, such as maps and satellite imagery. It aids in spatial analysis, habitat mapping, and identification of conservation priorities.
• Data Visualization: Computers can be used to create graphs, charts, and maps to visually represent biodiversity data.These visual representations help in communicating findings effectively and identifying patterns or trends in the data.
• Modeling and Simulation: Computer models and simulations can be employed to study the impacts of different scenarios on biodiversity. They help in predicting the consequences of environmental changes, management strategies, or conservation interventions.

Assignment Activity 4 : Apply the knowledge of biodiversity to ensure that biodiversity conservation is an integral part of any program of sustainable natural resource management.

To ensure that biodiversity conservation is integrated into sustainable natural resource management programs, the following knowledge of biodiversity can be applied:

• Ecosystem-based Approach: Recognizing the interconnectedness of species, habitats, and ecological processes is essential. Managing natural resources with an ecosystem-based approach ensures that biodiversity conservation is considered in the context of maintaining overall ecosystem health and functioning.
• Conservation Planning: Understanding biodiversity patterns and processes helps in identifying priority areas for conservation. Knowledge of species distribution, habitat requirements, and ecological interactions aids in designing effective protected areas and conservation strategies.
• Sustainable Use of Resources: Incorporating biodiversity considerations into resource management practices promotes sustainable use. This involves setting harvest limits, implementing responsible fishing and logging practices, and promoting sustainable agriculture that minimizes habitat destruction and pollution.
• Environmental Impact Assessment: Assessing the potential impacts of development projects on biodiversity is crucial. Integrating biodiversity assessment into environmental impact assessments helps in identifying and mitigating negative effects on ecosystems and species.
• Education and Awareness: Utilizing biodiversity knowledge to educate and raise awareness among stakeholders, policymakers, and the general public is essential. Promoting understanding of the value of biodiversity and its role in ecosystem services can foster support for conservation efforts.

By applying these principles and utilizing biodiversity knowledge in natural resource management, it is possible to promote sustainable practices that ensure the long-term conservation of biodiversity while meeting societal needs.

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